Cannabis flower, often referred to as "bud," is the reproductive part of the cannabis plant that is harvested for its psychoactive, medicinal, or therapeutic properties. The flower contains the highest concentration of cannabinoids like THC (tetrahydrocannabinol) and CBD (cannabidiol), as well as terpenes that contribute to its aroma, flavor, and effects.

 

Anatomy of Cannabis Flower:

 

Calyx: The calyx is the outermost part of the cannabis flower, forming a small, teardrop-shaped structure that contains the plant’s reproductive organs. The calyx holds the resin glands (trichomes) and is responsible for producing and storing the cannabinoids and terpenes. These glands are what give the flower its potency and distinct aroma.

 

Trichomes: Trichomes are tiny, hair-like structures covering the surface of the cannabis flower, most densely concentrated on the calyxes and sugar leaves. These glandular cells secrete resin, which contains cannabinoids, terpenes, and other compounds. Trichomes are classified into three types: capitate (large glands), stalked, and sessile (smaller glands). The presence of trichomes gives cannabis its sticky texture.

 

Pistils: Pistils are the reproductive organs of the female cannabis flower. They appear as long, thread-like structures, typically white or orange, that grow from the calyx. The pistils play a crucial role in pollination, as they collect pollen from male plants. Over time, they change color (from white to red or brown) as the flower matures. The pistils also indicate the age of the flower and its harvest readiness.

 

Bracts: Bracts are modified leaves that grow around the calyx and support the reproductive organs. They protect the flower's seeds during pollination. Bracts are typically small and may be green or purple, contributing to the overall appearance of the flower.

 

Sugar Leaves: Sugar leaves are the small, thin leaves that surround the cannabis flower. They are called "sugar leaves" because they are often covered with trichomes that resemble sugar crystals. Though they are not as potent as the buds, sugar leaves still contain a significant amount of cannabinoids and can be used in concentrates or edibles.

 

Seeds: Seeds are produced when a female cannabis flower is pollinated by a male plant. The seeds contain the genetic material necessary to grow a new cannabis plant. However, seedless flowers (often referred to as "sinsemilla") are prized for their higher potency and quality, as they are typically not pollinated.

 

Overall Structure:

Cannabis flowers grow in clusters known as colas, which are typically found at the top of the plant. The flower clusters contain numerous individual buds, each of which consists of calyxes, pistils, trichomes, and bracts. When dried and cured, these flowers are harvested for use in smoking, vaping, edibles, or extracts.

In summary, cannabis flowers are complex structures with distinct anatomical features, each playing a role in the production of cannabinoids, terpenes, and the overall potency and appearance of the final product.